Texas has a"Robin hood" school finance system, where districts with high property values are subject to recapture, where they send a large percentage of the property taxes collected to the state to be used for districts in less wealthy areas. If memory serves, Austin ISD sends almost half of its billion dollar budget back to the state.
How roads are funded depends on the State and locale. In some States, all highways are funded solely by use (gas and car) taxes as a constitutional requirement. Local roads, on the other hand, are funded almost arbitrarily -- it does include a gas tax in many places but in many places it does not.
Bogues is really the exception that proves the rule. He had to be incredibly talented and athletic to make up for his lack of height, but even then he was only a good, not great, NBA player. If you are 1.60m tall and your dream is making the NBA, well, unless you are literally one of the most athletically talented people on the planet, you should probably give it up.
You're really just reaching the edge of where his analogy breaks down. There are actually advantages to being shorter in basketball, but his analogy did not account for it.