> Programs in the 90s were written in C and C++. C is impossible to secure. C++ is impossible to secure.
You know that most today OS are written in C or C++ ?
Also many higher level languages are it self written in C or C++?
Write secure applications is hard and need a lot of discipline and knowledge that most developers simple do not have.
Better tools can and need to help here as well as better languages. But it is still possible to write pretty secure and efficient software in modern C++. Yes it is not easy but possible.
In another comment on this page, there is a developer who claims a web server was made more secure by writing it in Perl (which is written in C/C++). The original webserver was written in C.
I'm from Kazakhstan and I've opened https://news.ycombinator.com using Kazaktelecom (largest internet provider) without installing any root certificates right now. I can't answer for other operators, but mobile operators don't MitM either.
Some government websites use custom-signed certificates because of some stupid reasons, so if you want to use them, it's suggested to install those root certificates, so browser won't complain. That's the only reason I could imagine that someone told you about it. You don't need those root certificates for other websites.
From the very beginning, it is clear what the author was talking about:
> Moreover, the advantages go beyond margins: the best way to understand both Apple’s profits and many of its choices is to understand that the company has a monopoly on not just MacOS but even more importantly iOS. That means Apple can not only capture consumer surplus on hardware, but developer surplus when it comes to app sales; that some apps are not made is deadweight loss that Apple has chosen to bear to ensure total control.
Let me know when you can buy an iPhone from a different manufacturer. Again, author said Apple has a monopoly on iOS, not smartphones. That iOS monopoly takes about 80% of all the profits from the smartphone market worldwide, BTW.
Even in the US they are less than 50% smartphone marketshare, and about 10% desktop/laptop marketshare - hardly a monopoly. They just have huge profit margins which explains their buckets of cash.
Monopoly isn't defined by marketshare in some descriptive category, it's defined by market (pricing) power. If you have that's you have a monopoly (which makes sense, because that means that even if there are participants in the same descriptive category, you empirically are not competing with them for sales.)