The conceptual difference between constexpr and consteval is that consteval is guaranteed to be evaluated at compile-time, so unlike constexpr code, consteval code will never actually end up as a function in your binary.
Rust's const fns on the other hand can be called at runtime, so in that respect they'd be closer to constexpr.
Most of the size overhead in the latter example comes from the ELF header, so by paying a bit more attention to the linker scripts, or just inlining a small ELF header with db in the asm file, it would be even smaller.
Just for size comparison. I am sure that it's quite possible to generate small Rust binaries as well.
I just literally installed the compiler toolset and did the first demo in the tutorial. I have never seen anything so large before, but I'm not a coder and not a windows coder.
The only windows code I have compiled has been FreePascal and that wasn't this crazy.
Similar to what sebcat showed above, I've done a bit of assembly on systems 8bit and up including nasm on linux, so not used to binaries with this sort of baggage. Wasn't trying to paint rust in a negative light, just came as a surprise when I ran that first compile.