Microchip XC compiler has support for those. They recently dropped the licensing requirement, so while it's not FOSS, it's freeware now, without limits.
The PIC compiler options were never standards compliant up until around when Microchip purchased AVR. There are great chips now that have free gcc support, reasonable power draw, and 32bit float support (ATSAM3X8E current prices are not worth it in many cases.)
PIC does still have a few key use-cases, but most people will hit the stack depth limits pretty quickly in C. A pic12 Assembly project is fun, but the limitations cut deep these days.
STM32/ESP32/RP2350 or nRF for low power stuff are far less effort these days, and give much better value. =3
ESP32 and RP2350 have pretty crap or nearly non-existent analog. I don't think they even come with a comparator, let alone rarer analog parts like a DAC.
If you need a DAC, Comparator, ADC, and a couple of logic gates, its hard to beat an AVR DD (4x arbitrary gates called CCL. 1x DAC. Differential SAC ADC. I believe 2x Comparators and multiple "internal DACs" so you don' have to spend your 1x external DAC on internal parts). Also 1.8V to 5.5V support, as well as dual-power supply support (PortC is run off a 2nd power supply, but all the logic is compatible. This means PortC can run at 5V while everything else runs at 1.8V, or vice versa, making the AVR DD also a built-in level shifter)
In general, most DAC and ADC colocated on/near a digital chip rail has a list of noise issues anyway, as even an external Vref chip may be unable to help repeatably hit the claimed bit resolution with oversampling. At $9.28/pc for a mcu chip that should cost under $2... runs out of excuses pretty quickly.
It is not about whether something is "crap", because they are all mostly "crap" at analog in different scenarios. Just some vendors have chosen not to polish their "turd" in Marketing. These days many DAC are part of a Class D amplifier, as battery life took priority over the noise floors. These have also become less "crap" over the years.
RP2350 doesn't have a DAC or Comparator. ESP32-S31 has... none. No DAC, no Comparator, no ADC.
"Literally and completely nonexistant" is about as bad as you can get.
Like the reason to reach for a PIC or AVR these days is because of 4-20mA protocol or other such mixed-signal tasks. Read a current between 4-20mA (voltage A - voltage B, so you need a differential ADC) -> MCU -> Logic -> DAC -> controls OpAmp -> controls transistor (BJT or MOSFET) -> outputs a current 4-20mA.
-------
Of the three chips you described (STM32, RP2350, and ESP32), only some STM32 can do the jobs that PICs / AVRs are specialized in.
Most of the ESP32 family includes a dedicated audio i2s interface bus, and doesn't drop out on interrupt like most mcu DAC naive polling offers. It also hits well over 16MHz SPI transfers with ease.
STM32 is in most volume equipment now for a reason. Microchip screwed everyone on long-term pricing, and clown priced themselves out of key markets.
Note, an inaccurate LLM-proxy reply makes people sound lazy. =3
I'm not talking about an audio-DAC chip attached to a MCU. I'm talking about the most basic of analog designs that would transmit data over 4-20mA (just controlling an OpAmp + Transistor passing some currents).
By the time you add that SPI-DAC to your design, you've spent more than any TI (MSP430, MSP erm... whatever cortex-M0+ version was), AVR, STM32 or PIC MCU. There's a lot of chips designed to do this, and they're all on the SDCC compiler for a reason. That's where the niche has been carved out.
Look, I know a lot of people like RP2350 but there's a lot of jobs that chip is just wholly unsuited for.
> STM32 is in most volume equipment now for a reason. Microchip screwed everyone on long-term pricing, and clown priced themselves out of key markets.
AVR16DD14 is 68-cents on Digikey, Mouser, and direct-order from Microchip right now (qty 100 or more). If you need more analog power, the AVR*DB line is closer to $1.20 but comes with 2x or 3x OpAmps (AVR32DB28 I think was 2x OpAmps)
Wow, the way this site scrolls and pollutes the browser history is pretty terrible! I gave up trying to go back and just closed it and started a new tab
If you disable JavaScripts then you will get a non-interactive version (with a note that says you can enable JavaScripts for the interactive version), so you might try that.
This looks really nice, I'll definitely try it out! I take it by the examples that minimum is C++20? Have you done any benchmarks compared to any others?
Arizona is on permanent standard time, which many seem to prefer over DST or permanent DST. This new law is trying to force permanent DST, which the US actually already signed into law back in 1974 and then repealed it within a year because no one liked it. Also, while permanent standard or DST may work in southern states, it becomes more problematic in northern states, particularly close to the edges of time zones. You could see sunrise as late as 9:30 am in some of these cases with permanent DST.
Our representative Mike Simpson voted for it. He has done some good things compared with our other congressional delegates (Mike Crapo, Jim Risch and Russ Fulcher) who tend to make fly by night committee votes against whatever is popular with the general public, so I don't want to knock him. But he does represent district 2, which is 200 miles to the east and would have a sunrise closer to 9:00 am:
My feeling is that permanent DST is just not gonna fly here. So if it passes, our elected officials will take a lot of flack for it and have to run damage control.
While PO boxes work, you would have had to set one up prior to getting any licensing since past addresses are retained in the system as well. And then you are paying an unending fee to maintain a PO box just to try and maintain some slight privacy online.
It really is baffling they are so stuck on having full address available to the world. City/state, zip code, Maidenhead locator squares, or a number of other options would be more than enough to place one into a local area without an exact address listed publicly. Until that happens, I definitely will continue to refrain from mentioning it on any online accounts to help keep all the data miners a little more at bay.
I got my "nearly half" from the USDA which has stated:
> Because of provisions in the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 that permits farmers to make their own crop planting decisions based on the most profitable crop for a given year, corn acreage in the United States has increased from a Government-mandated low of 60.2 million planted acres in 1983 to close to or exceeding 90 million since 2018. Much of this growth in area and production is a result of expanding ethanol production, which now accounts for nearly 45 percent of total corn use.
That 40-45% is used for both ethanol and animal feed production and you could produce a similar amount of animal feed in about 1/3 of the land if you didn't extract ethanol first. So if you consider animal feed a productive and non-wasteful use of the land, we're only "wasting" 2/3 of 40-45% on ethanol production.
Ah, ok, I get what you're saying now. Thanks for the clarification and insight into this data. USDA site is confusing when it says "nearly 45 percent of total corn use".
Still, one wonders if we'd bother with so much of our fields going to grow corn if the main use was just DDGS. I wonder how the economics of everything else in the corn industry would change if we stopped requiring E10.
Corn would be grown for animal feed even if we weren't using it for ethanol. As an optimized C4 plant it's one of the most efficient plants in terms of converting sunlight to biomass; far more efficient than traditional animal foods like barley or oats. Sugarcane and algae are even more efficient but require growing conditions not available in the mid-west.
This site, xkcd, liliputing, some various forums, etc. but the big problem I've started having w/ RSS is when sites set up Cloudflare and the RSS feed ends up behind the Cloudflare validation prompt - I've even emailed some sites but none have bothered to fix or exempt RSS.
Neat looking flashlight! Can you turn it on and off without having to cycle through other modes? One thing I dislike about a lot of LED flashlights is having to go through dim, strobe, etc. modes before I can turn the light back off.
Chromium and those based off it (Chrome, Brave, etc.) seem to have already implemented this recently on the "new tab" button. I'm so used to highlighting a link or text I want to search for and middle-clicking the new tab button to open that link or search for the text and now as of some recent update, it no longer works. I keep trying by habit and muttering when I remember it's suddenly broken. I didn't see any option in settings nor much info when I searched.
