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> so why throw away all that time?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunk_cost


Tack is short for tackline, a length of line used to delimit messages encoded with flags in the days before shipboard radio communications.

Military and civil emergency communications use alternative pronunciations where clarity and brevity are critical.


This is one of the most sustained bad-faith arguments I’ve seen on HN.

The idea that 4 of the largest investment banks in the US were destroyed is not just utterly false, it’s hard to imagine how one could interpret the outcome in this manner.

Why would anyone be happy that the government offered handouts that were stolen, low-level criminals prosecuted, meanwhile every single principal who was culpable went unpunished?

I don’t need to hear from you how this is off-base or I’m misunderstanding. I’m close to principals involved in the crisis and worked for years in the response to it, and have heard what went on in the meetings dramatized afterwards.


> every single principal who was culpable went unpunished?

Who, specifically, was culpable for what? I appreciate that anger is not a charge sheet, but .. we could actually do with a more enumerated list of who specifically did which specific illegal act, in order to have a proper discussion.


These companies innovate in all of those areas and direct those resources towards building hyper-scale custom infrastructure, including CPU, TPU, GPU, and custom networking hardware for the largest cloud systems, and conduct research and development on new compilers and operating system components to exploit them.

They're building it for themselves and employ world-class experts across the entire stack.

How can NVIDIA develop "more integrated" solutions when they are primarily building for these companies, as well as many others?

Examples of these companies doing things you mention as being somehow unique to or characteristic of NVIDIA:

Complex kernel drivers or modules:

- AWS: Nitro, ENA/EFA, Firecracker, NKI, bottlerocket

- Google: gasket/apex, gve, binder

- Meta: Katran, bpfilter, cgroup2, oomd, btrfs

Hardware simulators:

- AWS: Neuron, Annapurna builds simulations for nitro, graviton, inferentia and validates aws instances built for EDA services

- Google: Goldfish, Ranchu, Cuttlefish

- Meta: Arcadia, MTIA, CFD for thermal management

Optimizing Compilers:

- Amazon: NNVM, Neo-AI

- Google: MLIR, XLA, IREE

- Meta: Glow, Triton, LLM Compiler

Acceleration Libraries:

- Amazon: NeuronX, aws-ofi-nccl

- Google: Jax, TF

- Meta: FBGEMM, QNNPACK


You're generalizing a failure at delivering one consumer solution and ignoring the successful infrastructure research and development that occurs behind the scenes.

Meta builds hardware from chip to cluster to datacenter scale, and drives research into simulation at every scale, all the way to CFD simulation of datacenter thermal management.


More than one failure. They had a project to make a custom chip for model training a few years ago, and they scrapped it. Now they have another one, which entered testing in March. I don't think it's going well, because testing should have wrapped up recently, right before the news that they're in serious talks to buy a lot of TPUs from Google. On the other side of the stack, Llama 4 was a disaster and they haven't shipped anything since.

They have the money and talent to do it. As you point out, they do have major successes in areas that take real engineering. But they also have a lot of failures. It will depend how the internal politics play out, I imagine.


performance degradation observed using the first approach at high concurrency recently discussed here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44490510


This conception is simplistic, a straw man, and one that appears to be wholly ignorant of the Cosmopolitan tradition and reasonable criticisms thereof.


What a fallacy to equate the status quo of lawyers running the country with the United States itself.


No, on the balance it is lawyers who protect companies from the people they harm and lawyers who constitute the government officials who perpetually exceed and expand their mandates.

Most of the senate are lawyers and it’s the most frequent occupation of a legislator.


You're letting "perfect" be the enemy of "good" here. If the alternative is China, where a mid-level bureaucrat can decide the public good outweighs your health, I'll take the lawyer-filled US.


They don’t charge fees, because they’re not a brokerage or exchange.

They pay fees to exchanges.

As a market maker, some rebates are given back conditional on their activity.

They have no users.

You’re just constantly obliviously asserting falsehoods that betray an almost comical lack of understanding of the reality of these businesses.


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