In this case a glassworking lathe is needed to align and bring together the copper and glass tubes while the seal is being made.

Photons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

Indeed, and this is a reason why, traditionally, electrons are studied using linear accelerators, rather than rings. It was the main purpose of Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC) as I understand it.

When electrons are accelerated in rings, it's usually because you want to do something with the radiation, and not the electrons.

What would that do to you? Sunburn?

Ordinary consumer equipment already accelerates electrons enough to produce X-rays. Or at least, it did, back in the CRT era. This accelerator is presumably more powerful than consumer entertainment hardware.

I'm figuring the photonic stuff covers all electromagnetic. So sunburn, microwave, cancer. Lots of options.

Zinc-Air primary cells have about twice the energy density of Li-ion cells. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_commercial_batte...

Depending on the circumstances, boiling in stops and starts may not be too bad: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndallization

That is amazing! So basically you trick the bacteria into exiting their spore/dormant phase before you hit them again with another boil.

It seems risky because if you ever let the spores divide at all then you introduce further variation and a selection process into the mix, which could be disastrous.

But that reminds me of the "shock and kill" strategy used to get HIV out of its latent state before killing the virions: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/shock-and-kill-stra...

And I guess this effect is also why chemotherapy drugs work best on fast-growing tumors.

I've heard from a friend of a friend that mycologists soak their grow mediums for a day or two to give spores a chance to germinate before pressure-cooking the whole thing. But said friend never called it Tyndallization. That's the thing I learned today!