Winning a lottery (and then winning a lottery of not mismanaging your good fortune) is great when it happens to you, but it's not an effective strategy you can plan for.
Then again on the same example, compare life expectancy in France and the USA, which is 4 years longer in France.
Spain is doing even better with a lower GDP. There is correlation, but there are many other factors at play.
The average salary for public researchers in France (only PhDs) is 47 k€ per year. Most PhDs end up in public research, as the private research sector is very small.
This is gross salary, on which you need to deduce social contributions (social security, retirement, unemployment insurance, and others) and usually reduces by 20% the gross salary. Then you get to pay income taxes in this net salary, which is around 10% of the net salary.
Note that sick leave is not paid by the employer, but by social security (the employer can complement). Social security here is the public healthcare and retirement system.
I am a software developer, I've relocated from US to France within the same company, and was paid 3 times less in the same role. As the private sector has extra contributions before gross pay, I estimate the employer cost is around 2 to 2.5 times lower in my case in France than in the US.
It is now also easier to fire people in France (probable the same in other EU countries) due to recent changes in employment law.
Each EU country is going to have a slightly different pay structure, but that gives you some comparison basis.
So overall I think the 2-3x ratio in skilled worker cost in EU vs US is a good estimate.
The accompanying text is “Due to the ambitious chip manufacturing incentives offered by other countries’ governments and ongoing
consolidation in the industry, the share of U.S. semiconductor manufacturing capacity in the U.S. fell by more than 10
percent over the past 8 years.”
This leads me to think that these figures represent "the share of U.S. semiconductor manufacturing capacity broken down by region" ??? (In this context the Taiwanese 0.00% fig. is correct.)
My bad. :( Somebody should inform Statista!
The actual figures are:
U.S. Japan E.U. Korea Taiwan China
46% 9% 9% 21% 8% 7%
That's from pg. 3 of the same report.
Wow, China's such a threat, no wonder the U.S. has to sanction them up the wazoo. Interestingly the U.S. has troops stationed in Korea, Japan, the E.U., and a small presence in Taiwan (but sells them a boatload of arms.) So the U.S. controls or has troops in countries which control 93% of the global market share of semiconductors – and yet despite this dominance sees China as such a threat that it is trying to strangle its semiconductor industry in the cot.
Even with removing regulations, you still have a limit to how dense a city can be.
> The authors ask the obvious question: if homebuilding is a competitive industry, then why don’t prices fall to the cost of building a home?
Well in dense cities, it's all about the land value.
Every country has seen increase in rent and property values in their largest city. Meanwhile value in rural area and not attractive cities is also dropping in many parts of the world.
Is this because of regulation? Probably not as it is happening in various countries with different law and policies.
It's probably more about where people want to live and the centralization of economy to only a few large cities. In Europe to get the best jobs you have to move to London, Dublin, Paris, Amsterdam. Those cities are getting more and more expensive. In the US, SF, Seattle, New-York (and I miss others) see the same phenomena.
So limiting this to "that's a regulation" issue looks pretty narrow sighted. If your model doesn't work, change the model instead of trying to change the world to suit your model.
What is your estimate for the limit for the density of a city and how does this compare to the current density of the cities that are claimed to have density limited by regulations on zoning/planning/permitting?
To be able to legally work in France, an American citizen would need a work visa which requires to have a local work contract. So they would have to follow French regulations.
It also includes a minimum of 5 weeks vacation and 2 weeks of PTO, too bad!
Yeah, I think you misunderstood. In Europe, "vacation" pretty much universally means "paid vacation". Otherwise, we'd call it "unpaid leave" or something.
I've only recently -- in threads here on HN in the last few weeks, in fact -- encountered the acronym "PTO", and concluded from context that it must mean "personal time off". (Right?) I also didn't quite grok what the GP meant by including those "two weeks of PTO"; WTF are those, in a European context? Can't be sick days, because AFAIK at least in most of Europe there's no quantitive limit on those: When you're sick, you're sick. Have I understood correctly that Americans who happen not to be ill for more than the "sickday limit" in a given year usually take the opportunity to "use up their sick days" even if they're healthy? (To repeat what is rapidly becoming my refrain on here: God, America is weird.)
In some companies, there is a separate "sick day" allowance, but that's rapidly vanishing. In most companies it's all put into a single bucket and your employer doesn't know or care about the reason you are not at work. It does not matter if you just want to stay at home and take care of things or fly to Venice.
If you are too sick to work for an extended time, then there is a disability insurance program. Sick days, for companies that have sick days, are for things like the flu, dental appointments in the middle of the day, etc. They are not for months-long cancer treatment.
Point being, when I go on vacation, I take PTO. There is nothing else to take if I want to be paid.
I think my company also has an unpaid leave program for unusual situations - say someone wants to take a year off to go to school but they still want their job waiting for them when they come back. But using this is very rare. Of course, each company is different as benefits are part of how firms compete for workers.
That's a long standing problem with MySQL, DDL statements (ALTER TABLE and such) where not atomic until version 8.0. This required some serious work on InnoDB as you can read some details at https://mysqlserverteam.com/atomic-ddl-in-mysql-8-0/
> Most followed on Instagram - Christiano Ronaldo (635m)
Christiano Ronaldo was not born rich. He was born in a poor family in a poor region of one of the poorest EU country in the 80's.