In semantics, types are properties of values and expressions. Type safety is about whether the type of an expression always matches the type of the value it evaluates to.

This post is about data structures, which are values, but like variables, they also contain values. Therefore they can be mutable. You can argue that a mutable data structure is an object not a value, I suppose. But it can go in the same place as a value, so it makes sense to talk about subtyping.

Which is why "data structures" probably also belong in the "variables" column.

One possible argument in favour of what happened here:

If you wanted to implement a package manager in the build system and keep it in the compiler, what abstraction for it would you provide between the compiler and the build system? This probably affects how you design the import system, and some other fundamental parts of your language. Those are important to get right, and probably hard you change. If you start by tightly coupling the package management and the compiler, it could be easier to design that by starting with the programmer experience you want and working backwards. Then you can change the implementation later, affecting fewer users.

I'm thinking specifically of Python here, where the import system is crazily complicated and warty, partly to accommodate all the varied ways package management was done. This compares to Go where there is a comparatively neat and small syntax for imports and the like, because they were designed with package management in mind from the start. (Not that I agree with all its design decisions.)

Hardly, Go's package management was one of first community vs Google dramas.

How many people have died because the people who could've saved them didn't think it was possible to save them?

How are they going to enforce this?

I would imagine, as a CA that issues only DV certs, they'd disallow issuance to various ccTLDs, and perhaps stop newAccount registrations with email addresses at those ccTLDs. That's about as much as they could do - IP-blocking by region is ineffective and crude at best.

The question is, will that be enough? If OFAC can demonstrate that even with such restrictions, sanctioned entities are frequently obtaining certificates, they may be forced to require account creation or something else as a means of limiting that.

They also likely would have to implement some kind of domain name screening, just like banks have to block transfers that mention "Havana" or "Tehran".

They are currently not doing anything, even ccTLD blocks. They have issued certificates for .kp domains this month and in August of last year.

This rests on a lot of assumptions that the published figures for "planned" datacentres, "committed" AI spend, etc. are irreversible. I suspect that at least some of it is possible to back out of.

That's true but then that's basically the end of Nvidia if that happens

You're talking about Gödel encoding, not Godel's incompleteness theorem.

The bureaucracy isn't trying to be utilitarian, it's trying to be democratic, and the people don't want utilitarianism. No politician wants to be the one who removed the red tape that would've stopped the reckless professor from poisoning all those children with his botched clinical trial.

I've had a Discord account for 10 years. They seem to assume all discord users are at least teenagers, so surely they can't think I was 8 when I created the account. So can't I have the "full" experience automatically?

because they want your data, and to be fair there's no safe way to determine your age, account could get stolen or transferred to other person.

> If somebody doesn't know what double parking is - it's when cars parallel park beside one another, implicitly on the road, making it difficult to see what's beyond them

This is not called double parking. Double parking is something different: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_parking

I don't know about you but here in the UK, close parallel parking is normal and expected, and I was taught to avoid trying to cross in the gap between two parked cars, and to be extra careful if I was going to. In this scenario some blame might lie with the driver for going too fast, but I would certainly also blame the child (or their parent) for stepping far into the road without looking.