If we're talking so literally I can only go back to the definition of economic growth, with is squishy enough to avoid pesky physics.
Economic growth is a very theoretical concept. Something doubles our economic growth if we make it and people value it as much as the stuff we are already making. If we invented new Japanese cartoon cat pens so cute and desirable that every person on the planet pays $1000 for it, bam! 7.1 trillion dollar growth. Just remove 7 billion regular pens to make room in the universe, and we're at 7.0999. (assuming no resources were diverted from other things)
Economic growth is kind of meaningless to think about at this scale. But at any two points on a more human scale, it means something.
That said, an exponentially growing (shoe) economy that eats the universe sounds like a Douglas Adams story so maybe you're right.
I always think of the somewhat recent tech development. The things are getting more advanced (worth more?) compared to before, but do not need the same increase in ressources to produce. Most of what is added is one-off research.
Economic growth is a very theoretical concept. Something doubles our economic growth if we make it and people value it as much as the stuff we are already making. If we invented new Japanese cartoon cat pens so cute and desirable that every person on the planet pays $1000 for it, bam! 7.1 trillion dollar growth. Just remove 7 billion regular pens to make room in the universe, and we're at 7.0999. (assuming no resources were diverted from other things)
Economic growth is kind of meaningless to think about at this scale. But at any two points on a more human scale, it means something.
That said, an exponentially growing (shoe) economy that eats the universe sounds like a Douglas Adams story so maybe you're right.