I am curious as to why you think you can't ask for a reference simply because the company is small? References are not about the size of the company, but instead ensuring that who you say you are is really true. When I first started in the industry my only references were from high school jobs at fast food places and small restaurants. Nothing related to IT or the job I was applying for. These references though all concurred that I was a hard-working, reliable employee, who would take on extra responsibilities, always willing to work, never called in sick, etc... That is what a reference is truly about. Finally, companies will typically only ask for 3-4 references, and even then most of the time they do not have to all be work related.

"I am curious as to why you think you can't ask for a reference simply because the company is small?"

Because he's in stealth search mode?

Understand and you always have to be cautious about this. You can still use the reference and get around this though by letting the company you are interviewing with know ahead of time that your current employer is not aware you are looking and you would like to proceed cautiously. Most employers understand this.

> I am curious as to why you think you can't ask for a reference simply because the company is small?

Maybe I will, but there's only one other person there who would be credible as a reference of my work, and it's a flip of a coin. Best case, I get a great reference, worst case, a cold shoulder and sacrifice a good bit of credibility for the remainder of my tenure. So I'm wary of breaching that barrier.

And as nfnaaron said, I'd really prefer that nobody at my workplace be aware of my job hunt.

I'm going into this knowing that it's probably below the level you're applying for, but it's been OK to state "references available upon request" in your cover letter or resume. In my experience, references are generally checked after the first round of interviews, and that gives you the opportunity to tactfully tell your story.

Then again, I've got a great track record of working for poorly managed companies, so maybe the good ones ask for them up front ;)

Last resort, references are as much about your integrity as they are your technical abilities. There's nobody you've looked at as a mentor, advisor, or trusted peer over the past few years?

I think Malbiniak has a good point. I do a fair amount of interviews (all technical) and what's most important is your ability to think well and know your stuff. If you do well in the interview I'll give a 'hire' recommendation, at which point your references may or may not be checked by the hiring manager. Not having a reference for your most recent employer would be okay.

I think Google would also be a fine place to submit your resume - in my experience they're focused more on your ability.

I'd honestly say exactly what you did above in your post and not provide them at the first part. Or just write "Small company, stealth job search"

I would start thinking in terms of how I could make a blog, OSS project, or publicly visible code which would make a case for "Why You Should Hire Me" so strongly that you wouldn't bother contacting my references.

We're in an industry which needs to administer FizzBuzz in interviews. How hard do you think it will be to make something that will conclusively demonstrate you are better than the next ten people who they'll have to ask to FizzBuzz?

I feel that the contrast between the previous version of this app and the one I've put together is that sort of thing. With 95% of the committed code to my name, I really wish I could just walk into an interview and pop open gitk, along with a demo of each version. I transformed a hacked-together pseudo-RIA with significant usability flaws and the same code in four different places, into what I think is a really lovely single-page app with granular browser history (the type you see in Gmail), preferences, the whole nine yards...But I don't think any employers interview that way (if any do, I'd like to meet you!).

Honestly, you shouldn't have a problem. For your references, usually personal relationships and contacts are fine for early in your career. If they ask if they can call your current employer say no, and explain that they don't know you are looking. Most employers will understand that, and will be fine with it.

The best thing you can do is prepare a short portfolio of links, and publicly facing projects. Because your reference list is short, you need to be able to demonstrate your work instead. Your personality will show up during the phone and face to face interviews.

That said, my last position's interview was so simple it confused me. They just asked if I worked with the technology they used, and if I was interested in learning some new stuff. A few questions to gauge my experience, and I was in. Once you're in the door, at your desk, is when the real interview begins. Here in Florida you can be let go without a reason, and most companies do a contract-to-hire these days for that reason.

Or just put your resume out there to jobs that seem like good fits. I recently had a very odd interview experience where despite offering multiple times to provide references (and code samples) I was never asked for either.

And got a pretty big offer anyway. The whole deal was atypical in my experience and I'm not sure I'd recommend taking a job where the reference question isn't even asked.

Also, go ahead and use your old references. Interviewers should be able to ferret out your tech skills and the references just prove you weren't an ax murderer at your old jobs.

In these situations: Getting published or landing a talk at a well-known conference helps. So do certifications and degrees, as much as I hate to say it.

A lot of the questions asked of your references are less about what you know and how good you are at a given technical skill, and more about work ethic, how you think, disposition, and how well you work on a team, under pressure, and what you do during downtime at work. These are the kinds of thing that any previous supervisors, mentors or co-workers could answer.

if your work stands for itself, and you can provide a character/hard worker reference, i doubt it's much of an issue.