> Different policies could produce a different outcome. My list would start with a tax code that does less to favor the affluent, a better-functioning education system, more bargaining power for workers and less tolerance for corporate consolidation.
> less to favor the affluent
We already have progressive tax brackets. For crying out loud, the top 20% of earners shoulder 84% of the tax burden of the federal government[1]. Where does that number need to be in order to silence the socialist rabble-rousers? 90%? 95%?
Your metric is unhelpful. To start with, as of 2013 the top 20% of earners held 85% of the total wealth in the United States[1]. Let me err on the side of caution and say that this is close enough to your figure of 84%. So it seems the top 20% of earners are only paying what their 'fair share' would be if there was a flat tax rate, ie. proportional to wealth (admittedly, wealth != income, so things can be a bit fuzzy there).
Secondly, the entire point of a progressive tax system is that the utility of wealth is not proportional to the amount of wealth. Doubling the wealth of someone below the poverty line can completely change their life, whereas someone with $10 million net worth lives much the same as someone with $20 million.
Progressive tax rates allow us to extract more wealth from the rich (who don't "need it" as badly) for the benefit of society as a whole. You can call that socialist if you like.
Who cares about wealth? If I want to save my income more than my neighbor and build up a relatively large amount of wealth, that's my business. If I go out and earn a very large income compared to my neighbor, I can at least see how that's the government's business and agree that the higher income earner should pay more. But I strongly disagree with the notion that wealth accumulation should be penalized.
I wasn't meaning to imply that wealth should be taxed, however it's a fair point that I'm rather badly conflating income and wealth in the OP - I'm basically using wealth as a proxy for income. I suspect that they are very strongly correlated though (a quick google shows [1]). Unfortunately I can't seem to track down a hard figure on the 20th percentile of income in the US.
The issue is scale. It's one thing to have a few million dollars and give an inheritance to your family. It's another thing to make hundreds of millions if not billions of dollars a year at a time when the quality of life for most people in the country is declining. It probably wouldn't be as much of an issue if everyone was experiencing the growth that the top 0.1% is.
Even if we assume that your premise is correct that the rich deserve to pay more, there are 2nd order effects to consider. The rich may respond to tax hikes by raising the price of their goods and services, by moving their taxable income/wealth offshore, or by producing less/retiring.
Here's an interesting thought experiment: Temporarily imagine our economy as a barter exchange between the rich and the poor. If the exchange rate between goods and services provided by the rich and goods and services provided by the poor remains constant, then no tax policy could ever possibly change the income distribution.
>top 20% of earners shoulder 84% of the tax burden of the federal government
Much like I'm going to ignore the ad hominem of suggesting anyone who sees the current American economy as less-than-perfectly fair is a member of the "socialist rabble-rousers", you seem to be ignoring the fact annual taxable income represents a smaller and smaller percentage of one's assets as income increases. There are hundreds of exceptions, loopholes and incentives that are tilted toward the better off. Why do I get to write off some of my mortgage payments on my taxes simply because I can afford to take on a mortgage?
> Why do I get to write off some of my mortgage payments on my taxes simply because I can afford to take on a mortgage?
A. Because it's popular with swing voters.
B. Because it puts your purchase of a financed house on a more equal footing with a commercial landlord's purchase of that same house from a tax perspective. (Interest expense incurred in a bonafide profit-seeking business endeavor is tax deductible. If your private mortgage were not equally tax deductible, the tax policy would favor for-profit landlords over private homeownership. I believe that there are valid public policy reasons to encourage private homeownership at least to the extent of putting it on equal footing with commercial real estate leasing.)
To be very specific, if tax policy didn't do this, commercial landlords could literally bid more to purchase a given house than a private buyer could for a given projected rent [real or imputed] and investment hurdle rate. You could argue "well, then disallow all interest deduction!", which is a policy change that's been floated somewhat frequently, including recently, but is more complex and needs study [IMO] rather than simplistically eliminating the mortgage interest deduction and assuming that would make housing more affordable or more evenly accessible.
The fact that a small percentage of Americans pay a large percentage of total taxes is a sign of income inequality, not an argument against it. The lower 80% don't pay nearly as much in taxes because for the past 30 years, they've been going broke, hence the article being responded to here. The top 10% of Americans own three quarters of the countries wealth; they aren't "shouldering more of the burden" when they pay most of the tax, they're being taxed reasonably in a system where they have unreasonable wealth.
You are right. That figure absolutely is a sign of income inequality. The idea that the wealthy's tax burden should increase as a result of that is ridiculous, however.
> X increasing is an indicator that Y is increasing. Therefore we need to increase X more in order to make Y decrease.
> The idea that the wealthy's tax burden should increase as a result of [growing income inequality] is ridiculous, however.
The issue is that inequality is growing to a point that there is a potential for social, economic, and political destabilization. How do you propose the issue be addressed? Because it should be apparent that trickle-down economics isn't occuring, and I don't see how things can improve without some sort of wealth redistribution.
Wait, are you implying that the logic in that last sentence is false? That makes perfect sense given what X and Y actually signify. That's like saying "The faster the boat fills with water, the faster you try to bail out! And you think bailing out even faster will somehow be a good thing?"
Yeah, I spent a few minutes going over the last sentence in tengbretson's comment.
I would actually recharacterize Piketty's (and the author of this chart) argument as:
"X increasing is a symptom that Y is increasing. Let's implement policy A. This may temporarily increase X, but it will stop Y from increasing, which will in turn stop X from increasing in the long run."
...the top 20% of earners shoulder 84% of the tax burden of the federal government[1]. Where does that number need to be in order to silence the socialist rabble-rousers? 90%? 95%?
"Percent of income tax burden landing on top 20% of income earners" isn't a figure anyone is particularly interested in engineering or specifying for it's own sake. Where do you think it "should" be, and how can you justify it?
This is an emotional, not a rational appeal: "Won't someone think of the well-looked-after?"
The top 20% of earners earn more than half of the earned income that exists to be taxed. You could increase taxes on the rest quite a lot without actually collecting much.
Honestly I thought my household was in the top 20%. I was going to write that sometimes our financial situation feels tight, but that taxes aren't really the reason. But it turns out I was wrong; in 2015 we were probably third quintile. Should make it to fourth quintile this year.
I suspect a lot of people think they're higher on the ladder than they are. It's hard to percieve just how high the ladder goes.
I think its clear most people would like the distribution to look more like it did 1980 than 2014. I'm sorry I forgot what a socialist nightmare 1980s America was.
The wealthy were responsible for a lower percentage of the total tax revenue in 1980 than they are currently. I get the impression thats not the point you're trying to make, however.
"the top 20% of earners shoulder 84% of the tax burden of the federal government"
An easy way to lower that percentage would be to lower their share of income. If your income share grows disproportionately it's to be expected that your tax burden grows disproportionately too. You are also forgetting that their tax rates have gone down a lot in the last 30 years.
For crying out loud, the top 20% of earners shoulder 84% of the tax burden of the federal government[1].
A few years ago I went to a seminar put on by Fidelity about trading options. A person asked about minimizing tax liability. The trader who was doing the seminar said something that stuck with me since: "if I'm being taxed, I'm making money. So I don't worry about the tax burden."
All your stat shows is that the top 20% are making the money, and the rest aren't.
As for an answer to your question, you should know that it isn't as simple as a single number. For instance, why come about October do I no longer make Medicare and Social Security payments? Of all people more capable of taking that hit, I instead get a discount. Everyone else gets taxed on every dollar they make, but myself (a relatively wealthy person in that 20%), I don't pay Medicare and SS tax on about 25% of my income. Why? I make a pretty good sum on capital gains every year. Why is that taxed at a lower rate than income, when all I did (at most) was click a mouse button a few times?
IOW, any single sentence solution for a complex situation, be it the Middle East or taxation, should be ignored.
"federal income tax" is not even close to "tax burden of the federal government".
Income tax is less than half the revenue of the federal government. Payroll taxes are huge, and disproportionately borne by the poor. Excise taxes are huge, and disproportionately borne by the poor. Overall, including state taxes (which are strongly regressive as well) the US has very close to a flat tax system, not progressive at all.
Well, if the top earns more they pay more too. On a serious note, I don't think this is a tax issue, but more of a scary direction for our economy. Where does it stop? How do we deal with inequality? How do we keep things fair? I mean the "best" doctors can all be working for the 1% just by... asking exorbitant prices. Is this ok?
Clearly it isn't high enough to prevent what we see in the graphic presented here - a teeny tiny fraction of people running away with the entire country's economic gains.
BTW, your comment is yet another indication that Hacker News is infiltrated by people likely to be paid to post pro-hyper-rich propaganda. I mean, what's in it for you to oppose a more progressive tax rate except to prove your deep misunderstanding of the power of capitalism to push all the money to one corner?
So what if the rich pay for everything. Look, man. The poor have nothing. There's nothing left. They're not going to retire. They'll work until they drop dead. They don't get decent health care. They'll die from avoidable, treatable illness. And if conservative Congress had its way, there'd be less Medicaid. Oh, and now they want to take away the right to sue elderly nursing homes. At what point do you decide that torturing your fellow American is enough?
> your comment is yet another indication that Hacker News is infiltrated by... pro-hyper-rich propaganda.
Be careful here. It's one thing to disagree and to point out percieved logical fallacies. It's another thing to group everyone who disagrees with you into a category that you dismiss. People very easily form an us-vs-them mentality due to our tribal evolution, and this line of thinking has the potential to go down that path.
I'm not thin-skinned enough to consider this a threat, but I do think its inflammatory enough to be in violation of HN's guidelines.
As for the accusations of astroturfing, I don't know what to say, but I hope this paranoia that is increasingly common on the internet goes away. It's downright unhealthy.
I didn't read this as a threat at all. It was quite bluntly put, but came across clearly to me as saying that the consequences of a small minority doing very well and the vast majority being worse off, is some sort of uprising. Such as the Russian or French revolutions. I'm pretty sure we all wouldn't like something like them to happen again.
I do agree with your point on the astro turfing, your comment didn't come across as one to me, but I have been noticing myself thinking "oh, this must be a paid for comment" more and more. I'm not sure if this is healthy skepticism or not.
On topic. I largely agree with both comments. The top 20% shouldn't be asked to even pay as much tax as they currently are. I like the idea of a progressive tax system, those with the strongest shoulders carry the heaviest burden. But this is clearly, to me, too much.
Additionally this shouldn't be fixed by lowering taxes. The top 20% shouldn't be in a position that they make so much more than the remaining 80%. We need to fix a system of work not paying enough, large companies exploiting workers and poor healthcare and education systems.
> We need to fix a system of work not paying enough, large companies exploiting workers and poor healthcare and education systems.
I think we're awfully close to agreement here. I'm hesitant to advocate attempting to engineer this by forcing higher pay. I just don't believe we can snap our fingers and collectively decide that the output of our workers is worth more than it is.
I don't know the exact problem or solution, but I believe that our technology has failed us. Our modern technological advancements have been laser-focused on displacing human labor, rather than enhancing it. We're making automated systems where the few human operators left at all are more replaceable and therefore less valuable. We need to find technological solutions where the combined output of automation and expertise of humans are leveraged together. That was what built the middle class in the first place. Not shaking down the wealthy.
It feels like the underlying sentiment here is that wage should be a function of the value of labor. The issue I take with that is that capitalism is necessarily exploitative and culturally we have deep seated beliefs about the value of different classes of labor. Currently, those classes of labor that require the least "expertise" tend to be those that are the least compensated. I fail so see how technology can be leveraged to increase the quality of life of unskilled labor. That is, how can technology help put food on the table and clean water in the pipes of those that can't currently afford those things? Why does labor need to be enhanced? Is the current output of human and machine labor not more than enough to give everyone 2500 calories and healthcare and a home? Perhaps if technology could be of use it would be in the distribution of those goods that we already have but arnt finding their way to those that need them.
Why can't we snap our fingers and decide the output of workers is worth more than it is? We have many many dillusions of value. Value works by people collectively agreeing something is valuable, that's the history of value.
I think both of you are largely grandstanding. You didn't make any effort to respond to the ethical meat of his post and instead fired back about why that person represents what's wrong with [HN/the internet/the world].
Why are you so focused on the tax burden stat? What is the significance or takeaway from that? Are you arguing that rich people's lives are being too adversely affected by their income taxes? Are you saying poor people should pay more taxes? Are you basically arguing the libertarian/objectivist view that the government shouldn't be meddling in free enterprise?
As others have argued, I would say that relative income tax burden alone is not a great indicator of much.
I'm not thin-skinned enough to consider this a threat, but I do think its inflammatory enough to be in violation of HN's guidelines.
Oh, please. It would take some pretty thin skin to even remotely take this personally, rather than as a reference to The Revolution(tm). "First against the wall...", that kind of thing. And, personally, it's a statement worthy of a moment's thought or two, as I'm sure there's a breaking point. I just couldn't say where that might be. Perhaps a 95% top tax rate would forestall that for just a little bit.
An article that starts off the disadvantages of living back in 1916 with how hard it would be to travel across the nation and the world seems a bit suspect.
In general I find these "you're better off poor now than rich in the past" articles really highlight how thick the author's bubble is.
is it not true that you're better off poor now than rich 100 years ago? maybe the statement alone is reductive, but most of "these" articles give justification via examples, too.
Sorry 'bout the delay. I didn't expect someone to even still be able to find the article after 5 hours much less reply to this.
Either way, the justifications are the point of my comment. He starts off with luxury homes being hard to travel between and traveling the world when many Americans don't travel internationally at all or even move out of their state.
I'd throw in that his first point was one I MOST agreed with all things considered. I can't deny A/C is important to all Americans, and basically makes the sunbelt hospitable to humans. And about 80% of Americans do fly so they might miss that (1) (however, should be noted about half fly less than once a year, it might be possible a lot of people only flew a long time ago in better times. I can't find the data though so that's the most I'll say).
For his other points:
Red Curry and Vindaloo Chicken? In a time where popping in the microwave or ordering fast food is at an all time high compared to preparing food or actually going out? A lot of people would be happy just to have a personal chef even if it's only local food.
The internet being gone? What a shame that people lose out on the largest source of depression in their lives! In 1916 you have the advantage of occupying yourself with activities modern society has stamped out, like English fox hunting or playing IRL Sims with a company town! Funny thing about that second part, since paternalism was already dead and towns in general was in decline, it kind of makes the argument that it would be better to be rich even further into the past.
Medicine's a bit of a wash. Modern Medicine is effective but you need to actually afford it in the first place. For a lot of people, it would just be a trade of actually having some treatment for not having as many vaccines. Speaking of which, 1916 was around the time anti-vaccination had lost in the original argument. Now its gaining steam again, so they might not even have that benefit soon. Dentistry is better, but its telling he only mentions the toothbrush. 22% actually floss, and its a bit telling the amount of people that getting a cavity before adulthood is the complement (2). I'd imagine a lot of people would be fine with dentures if it was still socially acceptable like it was in the past. They're already fine spending money to cosmetically have better teeth instead of actually taking care of them.
Overall, its a bit funny that, when you think about it, the article is basically written by a staunch right libertarian, but sounds like it was written for every stereotype of the "liberal coastal elite". Reminds me of that Popehat article where he realizes that while he's libertarian he's probably more "coastal elite" than the left overall.
If we take this approach, then we should raise the taxes on the rich immensely. When they complain, we'll point out that they are richer than John D Rockefeller! How can they possibly complain about their lot in life after that case winning argument?
(Also, by spreading the wealth more evenly, society would likely progress faster. Less solid gold iPhones, more standard iPhones. Less Bugatti Veryons, more Tesla Model 3s.)
Is history a subject treated with contempt here? Check out France at the end of the 18th century and Russia at the end of WWI for some recent examples of violent uprisings when wealth inequality gets bad.
Progressive only means that you pay more on the part exceeding the previous bracket
So 98% at the higher level means 98% only on the amount exceeding the previous one.
For example if we set a taxation of 99% over 1 billion dollars, you pay 99% only the parts exceeding that limit
Assuming you earn 1 B and one dollar, you pay 99 c. more taxes, and that's it
It is a simple way to discourage accumulation of improductive wealth
Second: the bulk of state taxes income is not from salaries it's from corporate taxes, but corporation are very good at avoiding them.
> less to favor the affluent
We already have progressive tax brackets. For crying out loud, the top 20% of earners shoulder 84% of the tax burden of the federal government[1]. Where does that number need to be in order to silence the socialist rabble-rousers? 90%? 95%?
1. https://www.wsj.com/articles/top-20-of-earners-pay-84-of-inc...
Edit: I've only received 1 answer to my question, and it involved allusions to bloody revolution, so I'll ask again:
Where does that number need to be?