> What about the above, applied to a country that is between Europe and China? Such a country could passively listen while China takes the blame.

This statement doesn't make sense.

The BGP peering infrastructure has nothing to do with countries being "in between" europe and china.

I think you are overly paranoid, misrouting happens (quite a lot actually) and BGP routing changes are very easy to track thanks to the nature of BGP.

There are far more "stealthy" ways of getting desired traffic.