I'm a big fan of eBPF (and Brendan Gregg), but it's not really a new type of software - the original BPF (1993) has been around for a while, not to mention other user-extensible kernel architectures such as ring-based kernels and microkernels (1960s-) and exokernels (1994).

eBPF reminds me a lot of exokernel type systems.