Anecdote from a German that visited Spain to see the family: Spains government requires <72h old negative covid test before entering the country, with 6000€ in fines if no test can be presented. Also, a form about symptoms etc had to be filled out.

After arriving at Valencia, Spain, there was a big line where we had to show the form's result QR code only. Not a single passenger was asked for the covid test.