I am interested to understand what makes the "raw" costs so wildly different.
When my son had an infection in germany, we went to the equivalent of pediatric urgent care and after seeing the nurse, having bloodwork done and a few different 15 minute sessions with the physician we came to the end of the visit with the doctor, they apologized that we had to be charged the full uninsured rate and that a bill would be given to us later that we could use to have our insurance (they could not bill our insurance internationally.) We paid the 50 euros and asked what the total amount would be, assuming that was the co-pay. There was a lot of confusion because the 50 euro wasn't the copay -- it was the full-freight amount. Getting a single 15 minutes with a doctor, let alone the prep with the nurses and bloodwork being rushed would be far more than that in USA.
> I am interested to understand what makes the "raw" costs so wildly different.
There are a number of reasons. One big one is simply that doctors in the US command a much higher salary than their counterparts elsewhere in the world:
Another big reason is that the US is unique in that it's one of the only countries in the world where you get your healthcare through your employer. What we're seeing in healthcare costs is analogous to what you might see happen to airline ticket costs if we all got our air tickets through our employers: the vast majority of us would fly business class, while the unemployed would be simply unable to pay for business class fares out of pocket. Employers (especially medium-to-large businesses) have a much higher purchasing power (and hence, willingness to pay) than individuals.
Now, if you take this behavior and combine it with the fact that health insurers' profit margins are capped by law by percentage, insurers pay more for treatments (which doctors happily accept), charge more to employers (who are generally less price conscious vs individuals), thus bring in more absolute revenue, and therefore more profit because a capped profit percentage of a higher revenue is higher than a capped percentage of lower revenue. It's somewhat counter-intuitive, but the policy combination of an employer mandate and insurance profit cap results in the mother of all local optima.
Disclaimer: I work on health pricing in the US and sometimes adjust claims myself.
> doctors in the US command a much higher salary than their counterparts elsewhere in the world
Yes, but salaries are also linked to huge debts to pay in their first years, a permanent state of fear to be sued by negligence (losing their license and seeing their only possibility of income vanished). It seems that suicide and depression are too common among young students. They also work too many hours in irregular schedules (working in sundays, holidays or passing one on each three weekends at the hospital is not uncommon. This will add a lot of stress for parents with small children trying to having a normal life. And is a emotionally charged work.
... So either you provide a particularly high reward in form of a golden salary, or perhaps nobody would wanted to be a doctor.
Now you're starting to follow the thread to the root cause: onerous medical licensure and onerous medical university accreditation.
In the US, the barrier to become a doctor is higher than it is anywhere else. Nowhere else in the developed world are you forced to do 4 years of undergraduate study unrelated to medicine, followed by 4 years of Medical school, followed by 4 years of residency.
Also, one doesn't require huge debts to pursue a PA or NP degree, but many States disallow PAs and NPs from practicing basic medicine.
Not everyone needs to go through the same level of schooling as a brain surgeon.
That's what I find so depressingly hilarious about the US vs the rest of the developed world [1]: that even when they super-apologetically hit you with the full, no-mercy price, it's less than what you'd way with (already overpriced) insurance in the US.
[1] Well, also developing, but super-low prices aren't as surprising or embarrassing to the US in that case.
> I am interested to understand what makes the "raw" costs so wildly different.
In the US, hospitals lose a lot of money on patients who don't pay at all or pay pennies, and in order to not make a loss at the end of the year they charge those who can pay more money.
Also, insurances have an incentive in having hospitals set high "sticker prices" because then they can claim "higher savings" for their members.
Contrast to that, in Germany as long as a patient has any insurance (and 99.9999% of Germans do) the hospitals and doctors will get their services paid (so no need to overcharge for financial reasons), and both the mandatory insurance scheme and the private insurance companies pay fixed, government-regulated fees (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einheitlicher_Bewertungsma%C3%... for the government insurance, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%BChrenordnung_f%C3%BCr_... for the private insurance system).
I am interested to understand what makes the "raw" costs so wildly different.
When my son had an infection in germany, we went to the equivalent of pediatric urgent care and after seeing the nurse, having bloodwork done and a few different 15 minute sessions with the physician we came to the end of the visit with the doctor, they apologized that we had to be charged the full uninsured rate and that a bill would be given to us later that we could use to have our insurance (they could not bill our insurance internationally.) We paid the 50 euros and asked what the total amount would be, assuming that was the co-pay. There was a lot of confusion because the 50 euro wasn't the copay -- it was the full-freight amount. Getting a single 15 minutes with a doctor, let alone the prep with the nurses and bloodwork being rushed would be far more than that in USA.