You don't need the government to solve this problem, they helped create the problem in the first place. You need to reform your political system to actually make it work.

Near as I can tell, reforming the political system and changing government policy are intertwined to the point where they amount to the same thing.

US medical education length is insane. Get an undergraduate degree (pre-med). Then go to med school. Then a residency. Then you can practice.

Other countries do just fine with much less.

Indeed, and I think we can also make better use of the "lesser" medical degrees as well. For instance I get most of my primary care from a nurse-practitioner or physicians-assistant. My parents' most beloved primary care "doctor," who is an absolute superstar, is a nurse-practitioner.

Maybe there could be some kind of a continuous work-and-training ladder, where you start as a NP, and move your way up as you get more training and practice. Or you can stop whenever you think you've reached your desired level.