I mean, if you remove the concept of a computer, and ask the question "how many letters are in this word?", you are likely going to end up in some highly-contextual conversations--taking into account all of language, culture, geography, and time--with respect to some of these examples... the concept of "uppercasing or titlecasing" has absolutely no reason to somehow have some logical basis like "the number of characters (which I will note is itself poorly-defined even on a computer) remains constant".