Making electronics work at a very high or low temperature is a challenge. You normally have to decide between custom-designing all components to work at the extreme temperature, or to figure out how to use off the shelf stuff, yet insulate them from the environmental temperature.
More and more designs are choosing the latter, although notable exceptions are LED light bulbs (which use special components rated to operate for years at ~150 Celcuis)
I haven't worked on anything related to Mars but have worked on the preliminary design of a camera system for the Artemis Moon mission.
Thermal design can be both surprisingly easy and surprisingly difficult. If the mission profile is cold-biased it's an "easy" matter of judiciously adding heating and insulation (to retain heat). Here "easy" is in quotes because nothing is trivial or truly easy in space.
If you have to deal with temperatures beyond the maximum thermal range of the design, sometimes the "easy" solution (again, in quotes) is to schedule shutdowns or duty cycle around thermal conditions. The power-down storage temperature of most devices is much higher than operating limits. Yes, you would need hardware that can deal with extremes in order to wake everything back up. That's where the rad-hard $300K microprocessors come into the fold.
At the same time, you'd be surprised how well some non-rad hard hardware can do in space. There are imaging satellites that basically use qualified COTS imaging sensors quite successfully.
The case is similar for dealing with radiation. Don't turn things on until you have to and, when you do, if you can, limit operating time to the absolute minimum.
There's a lot more to the art and science of making things for space, of course. Everything out there is actively trying to kill everything you send out there 100% of the time.
Especially rechargeable batteries (that the helicopter uses), which not only discharge under extreme temperatures (especially cold), but also degrade in capacity over time.
Maybe JPL has overcome those with some new battery tech, but extreme temperatures have always been the vain of engineers who have to design technology for cold weather.
It'll be interesting to see if multiple cold-weather days or years eventually kill the batteries off. This helicopter only flies for 90 seconds at a time already. If the batteries degrade by 30%, we are talking about sub-minute flight times.
Video from Veritasium about the helicopter that talk with the team about this. He mentions that 2/3rds of the daily energy gathered is used for the purpose[1]
Other information about the tech; camera & landing, energy use for heating, flight in low pressure atmosphere, the system to actually land the thing, is also really interesting.
I thought I read somewhere that the length of the flight was dictated by over heating. That the thinness of the atmosphere required the rotors to move so fast that it was difficult to radiate the heat produced - radiating that was also made difficult because of the atmosphere.
More and more designs are choosing the latter, although notable exceptions are LED light bulbs (which use special components rated to operate for years at ~150 Celcuis)