No. I run a server in my basement, and for the past 5+ years, every one of its drives have been LUKS encrypted, including external backup drives. I've had no issues with encryption (corruption, speed, or otherwise), only disk hardware failing outright.
Servers and consumer laptop are very different beast though, so not sure the comparison hold. You don't shut them off often, they don't go to sleep, rarely undergo shock, plane travel or forced shut down...
Friend, LUKS is reliable. LUKS doesn't just eat data in those edgecases you talk about, there would be tons of reports if that were the case. LUKS is used all over the place for non-server uses too.
I can count at least 3 devices that are all LUKS-encrypted that are used as consumer devices daily. I trip over the power cord, I let the battery die, I drop it, I fly regularly, etc, etc. Never once had a single issue.
In fact, the single time that I've had FS issues under Linux was running under Hyper-V but that's because of the slowly-being-uncovered serious issues w/ Hyper-V.
