tryruby had the in-browser coding before codecademy. I'm pretty sure codecademy uses the jq-console plug in which was around before: https://github.com/replit/jq-console
Badges have been around in video games and educational games for a while and Rails for Zombies already used them.
Also you are using the same videos from ThinkVitamin which provide good introductory knowledge and that's it.
Codeacademy makes you actually code and had badges long before you guys.