This is from Mint 22. MS does have its own PPA though.
$ apt search dotnet
p dotnet-apphost-pack-6.0 - Internal - targeting pack for Microsoft.NET
p dotnet-apphost-pack-7.0 - Internal - targeting pack for Microsoft.NET
p dotnet-apphost-pack-8.0 - Internal - targeting pack for Microsoft.NET
p dotnet-host - dotNET host command line
p dotnet-host-7.0 - dotNET host command line
p dotnet-host-8.0 - .NET host command line
p dotnet-hostfxr-6.0 - dotNET host resolver
p dotnet-hostfxr-7.0 - dotNET host resolver
p dotnet-hostfxr-8.0 - .NET host resolver
p dotnet-runtime-6.0 - dotNET runtime
p dotnet-runtime-7.0 - dotNET runtime
p dotnet-runtime-8.0 - .NET runtime
p dotnet-runtime-dbg-8.0 - .NET Runtime debug symbols.
p dotnet-sdk-6.0 - dotNET 6.0 Software Development Kit
p dotnet-sdk-6.0-source-built-arti - Internal package for building dotNet 6.0 So
p dotnet-sdk-7.0 - dotNET 7.0 Software Development Kit
p dotnet-sdk-7.0-source-built-arti - Internal package for building dotNet 7.0 So
p dotnet-sdk-8.0 - .NET 8.0 Software Development Kit
p dotnet-sdk-8.0-source-built-arti - Internal package for building the .NET 8.0
p dotnet-sdk-dbg-8.0 - .NET SDK debug symbols.
p dotnet-targeting-pack-6.0 - Internal - targeting pack for Microsoft.NET
p dotnet-targeting-pack-7.0 - Internal - targeting pack for Microsoft.NET
p dotnet-targeting-pack-8.0 - Internal - targeting pack for Microsoft.NET
p dotnet-templates-6.0 - dotNET 6.0 templates
p dotnet-templates-7.0 - dotNET 7.0 templates
p dotnet-templates-8.0 - .NET 8.0 templates
p dotnet6 - dotNET CLI tools and runtime
p dotnet7 - dotNET CLI tools and runtime
p dotnet8 - .NET CLI tools and runtime
p libgtk-dotnet3.0-cil - GTK.NET library
p libgtk-dotnet3.0-cil-dev - GTK.NET library - development files
dotnet-sdk-8.0 should have the rest of what you need downstream from there. For other libraries and versions, you should be able to use NuGet with your project directly.
I've been using the script installer version intended for ci/cd as I actually like that installer more, it's the only one that really supports multiple versions correctly.
What's unfriendly about just clicking through the options? Anytime I want to install .NET, I just go to that exact documentation, click on the distribution I want (usually Ubuntu), and then just click on the version (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/install/linux-...). I almost always use Microsoft's feeds though, so as to not rely on the middleman of the Ubuntu package manager feeds.
Ubuntu is a subpar package maintainer, but in well run distros that middleman who does the packaging makes an effort to ensure you are getting a stable, performant package, and tries to catch eratta or abusive practices that upstream starts pushing (say, Microsoft opening Edge when you run wget or curl in the terminal, rather than calling the real wget or curl).
This must be the most unfriendly Linux install documentation I've ever seen though, it was not easy to find the names of those packages.