Another one is Presburger Arithmetic, which is Peano Arithmetic minus the multiplication. What makes it interesting (and useful) is that this removal makes the theory decidable.
I'm wondering whether there are decidable first-order theories about the natural numbers that are stronger than either Skolem or Presburger arithmetic, that presumably use more powerful number theory. Ask "Deep Research"?
[edit] Found something without AI help: The theory of real-closed fields is decidable, PLUS the theory of p-adically closed fields is also decidable - then combined with Hasse's Principle, this might take you beyond Skolem.
There are no specific extensions mentioned, a bunch of math symbol rendering issues, and what seems like maybe some hallucinations? Thanks for proving once again how useless chatgpt is if you're not already an expert on what you're asking it
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presburger_arithmetic