1. System was running with low inertia due to a high amount of renewable generation (mainly solar).
2. Something caused a large amount of generation to trip. Lack of inertia in the system can't arrest the frequency drop.
3. Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) protection kicks in and trips renewable generators; interconnectors to France also trip as they are suddenly overloaded. Islanding and blackouts ensue.
1. System was running with low inertia due to a high amount of renewable generation (mainly solar).
2. Something caused a large amount of generation to trip. Lack of inertia in the system can't arrest the frequency drop.
3. Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) protection kicks in and trips renewable generators; interconnectors to France also trip as they are suddenly overloaded. Islanding and blackouts ensue.