I recommend checking out concept design [0] from Daniel Jackson [1]. It provides a framework to enforce modularity while building meaningfully designed software.

I have done a bit of work implementing a prototype framework for coding concepts using TypeScript [2], and it has worked beautifully for the Software Design class at MIT Daniel teaches. I think the newest iteration of class this semester uses a different approach to code concepts, but it's still a research space.

[0] https://essenceofsoftware.com/tutorials/

[1] https://people.csail.mit.edu/dnj/

[2] https://61040-fa24.github.io/pages/concept-implementations.h...