"you cannot leave the country with more than USD 10K per person, and if you do and get caught in either Argentina or destination country, it'll get confiscated in its entirety"
I don't know if it's different because I was coming from a different country but I arrived once in the US with more than $10k, I just declared it and filled out a form.
You're right, and it seems like in both the US[1] and Europe[2] you can enter with more than that, all you have to do is declare it.
In Argentina you cannot enter or leave with more than USD 10K[3], declared or undeclared except through a financial or banking institution, which in effect cannot move money abroad.
"Los pasajeros y tripulantes mayores de 21 años podrán retirar del país, metales preciosos, billetes y monedas extranjeras por montos superiores a u$s 10.000 o su equivalente en otras monedas, sólo a través de ENTIDADES FINANCIERAS Y CAMBIARIAS, con las respectivas autorizaciones."
I don't know if it's different because I was coming from a different country but I arrived once in the US with more than $10k, I just declared it and filled out a form.