Sweden, where the sun doesn't shine enough to induce a great deal of natural vitamin D production, might not be the best place for such a topic with so many contributing factors. Vox could have written a very interesting article about how to read individual medical studies, the limits of statistics and specific populations, and many other things. But sadly, they did not.
Fiction: "Milk, Sulphate, and Albie Starvation" deals with someone who realises he is lactose intolerant, and who suggests giving up milk to a bunch of people. The Milk Marketing Board see the slump in sales and decide to act - by sending an assassin.