Speaking generally, not specific to golang, but no serious programmers will use non-ASCII identifiers. Why? I think the main reason is that it's a hassle to input Chinese characters.
I think it's beyond nationalism. Programming is done in english because its the common tongue, and the world in which programmers grow is distributed and quasi-borderless, so there's interest in using a tongue common to all. There's no point in not writing code in english, it's a self defeating endeavor.
I'm from a non English speaking nation and I originally used an non-standard US layout, although I changed to US layout when I realized doing otherwise was an exercise in futility.
Sure, but China is a walled garden. English may be the lingua franca of programming, but China is large enough (and isolated enough) that Chinese programmers can likely get by without using English at all.
Yes, although I think universities are partly to blame. Somehow lots of professors seem to think writing code in German makes it more science-y (probably because algorithms are generally expressed in German pseudo-code too).
Ah, a non-ASCII keyboard layout is quite different from the software input method for hieroglyph languages like Chinese.
For example, "myFile" in Chinese is "我的文件", and you have to enter the following key strokes in order to enter it:
Ctrl+Spacebar, wo de wen jian, Ctrl+Spacebar.
