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Banks provide a service to the economy of connecting people with more money than needed right now (savings) to people with less money than needed right now (loans). They make money in between when this goes well. So I would contend the shifting of numbers around actually does provide a good to the economy


I have no idea if technology like this will prove to be scalable, economically competitive, or even practical… but it does seem pretty dang cool as a concept


It's a great way to say "Absolutely no more fossil fuels. For things that need hydrocarbons we'll make them. They cost more but it's better than cooking the planet."

With a side bonus of not sending money to oil rich theocracies like Saudi Arabia and Texas.


With methane as an input, I worry that this will be hard to scale up to the point of no more fossil fuels. Can we get that much methane from biomass?


Considering agriculture and forestry combined produce about 5 billion tons of methane emissions a year, I don't think there's a shortage of availability.

It'll be a lot more work to capture and direct all that, but the biosphere spins off plenty of decomposition byproducts.


Is it more or less energy dense than oil?

    The consumption of oil has steadily increased over the last three decades, totaling 4.53 billion metric tons in 2023,
That's oil shipped and used, not methane drifting free from biowaste across the plant.

How much can we actually capture, how much energy is that, and how great is the conversion challenge to shift most cars to methane, etc?

It appears a little larger than a handwave problem IRL.


> Can we get that much methane from biomass?

I know that food waste generates a heck of a lot of methane in landfills, but I’d love if someone could add some rough napkin math on this!


Biomass availability in the US:

https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/2023-billion-ton-repor...

One would like to focus on existing streams before having to increase area used to grow biomass.


be afraid.

methane hydrates;

strip mining ocean floors could keep fossil fuel consumption going at current rates for millennia.

but before that we could get we stuff in the permafrost

all terrible ideas ... so probable.

https://duckduckgo.com/?q=methane+hydrates&t=lm&ia=web


Texas?


At the moment, Oklahoma next door is even more prominent: they just mandated teaching the bible in public schools. But it's much the same.


Were you thinking of Louisiana?


Yup


How is Texas a theocracy?


Yes. I've tried using it for pretty straightforward time series forecasts, and I struggled to make it into something useful in a business context.

I'll disclaim that I'm just a finance dude and not a data scientist or programmer. But the documentation leads me to believe that I am in the target audience. I felt like I could grasp the basic mechanics after reading the paper, but I wish the documentation could help someone like me be more intelligent with the 'tuning' of the model. I could never get accuracy below 15% average error, which is too large for my use case.

Probably user ignorance, but that's my experience.


You are the primary audience. Time series forecasting with deep learning is fraught with inconsistency. Someone on r/ML went pretty hard on detailing a survey and the stuff that was SOTA 10 years ago still is. Wish I saved that thread. The dude was well published.

edit: found it https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/pe1lst/r_i...

Turns out it was about time series anomaly detection, but if you can detect, you can forecast if your model is generative



I updated my comment with the thread but it was actually about time series anomaly detection. Turns out it was the same dude in your second link, and your comment includes forecasting in the first link as well. Thank you!


When was this? I might go chasing this lead down, but even a fuzzy estimation of when would help. Will come link it here if I find it.


I updated my comment!


aaaaand i just spent 3 hours watching that, trying to remember some parts of calculus, and reading all of the wikipedia articles and "also see" that were grey on white in the video. Then i fell asleep, but i wanted to thank you, as i also thanked the Prof. that made that video (on reddit).


This looks to me like something they’d be using for internal capacity planning. If so, they’d be asking it questions like, “how much capacity do we build out for the upcoming holiday rush?” I wouldn't be surprised if financial datasets are very noisy compared to service capacity metrics. I didn’t read the paper though, maybe this is addressed and maybe I’m wrong about the use case! But stuff like the below from the docs reads like capacity planning tool to me:

> As an example, let’s look at a time series of the log daily page views for the Wikipedia page for Peyton Manning. We scraped this data using the Wikipediatrend package in R. Peyton Manning provides a nice example because it illustrates some of Prophet’s features, like multiple seasonality, changing growth rates, and the ability to model special days (such as Manning’s playoff and superbowl appearances).


Also perhaps anomaly detection in a metric.


I'm sad to see no one has responded with a solution to your problem. You are absolutely the target audience, and in my experience, Prophet is "as good as it gets" to generalized forecasting.


I've been surprised at how little adoption of the Python data / viz toolkit gets picked up in finance settings, when it seems like such a natural fit, so I wrote this post to help unpack it.

Curious what y'all have seen in your experience.


respectfully, I'm not so sure. The decline in bonds applies to all fixed-rate securities. The only alternatives would have been just straight up cash (bad with inflation) or riskier, less-liquid assets (non-tradable loans with floating rates, for example). They are limited on the latter by risk weighting, and I'm not sure having looser risk controls on the asset side would really help confidence in the banking sector.

please feel free to disagree!


Inflation isn’t a concern here. Depositors hand a bank 1 billion and X% inflation hits, well the bank still only owes them 1 billion.


Yeah that's true, it matter more for net-interest-margin / interest income generation in a rising-rate environment. Good point


a depositor isn't going to deposit 1 billion and only expect 1 billion back out months later. that's some poor people shit. Large sums of money like that, banks pay you for the pleasure of holding it. So a bank offering 4.5% APY like SVB offers would owe an extra 3.2 million to the billionaire if they look at their account a month later.

The problem is, the underlying assets that SVB owns will only pay them back at 1% APY, and only in 20 years or whatever, and the billionaire has been promised 4.5%APY and is expecting to have access to one months worth of interest next month. that 3.5 difference is thus a huge problem for SVB.


Could they instead hold short-term treasuries (as short as 4 weeks, I believe) and refuse to honor large withdraws until they mature?


Short term treasuries are definitely pretty common on the asset side, but if you refuse to honor withdrawals on demand deposits you won't have a bank anymore and the FDIC will step in to wind things down


Could you clarify what you mean about the dollar in your pocket worth more than debt at 3% interest?

In corporate finance net cash or net debt is indeed standard practice (cash on balance sheet less debt on balance sheet). It sort of helps understand how much cash is ‘available’ to give back to investors, or pay down debt, spend on R&D, etc.

Now since most of MSFT’s long term debt matures in 2027 or after, you could argue that there is not much cash need for debt repayments in the near term. On the other hand, cash flow from operations was down year over year in their last reported quarter so belt tightening is probably needed to reverse that trend.


> In corporate finance net cash or net debt is indeed standard practice (cash on balance sheet less debt on balance sheet). It sort of helps understand how much cash is ‘available’ to give back to investors, or pay down debt, spend on R&D, etc.

I'm not a financier, but isn't "available cash" the amount left over after subtracting the amount needed to service (rather than clear) the debt?


Fair question. My answer would be... kinda.

The cash available on an ongoing basis to be re-invested or returned to investors is what you might call levered free cash flow [0], which I think is what you are referring to.

My comment about "available" cash is more like available for big one-time investments like a big acquisition, a special dividend, or something like that.

[0]: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/111714/whats-differ...


Not related, but your place sounds beautiful


> "You can’t use rental income when calculating your debt to income ratio."

Do you have a source for this claim? Based on personal friends who work in the lending / single family rental home space, I don't think that's correct. [0] [1]

[0]: https://www.valuepenguin.com/mortgages/claiming-rental-incom...

[1]: https://selling-guide.fanniemae.com/Selling-Guide/Originatio...


If that's actually the case, and many of those mortgages are adjustable-rate, then we've learned nothing and another 2007 may be inevitable.

Fortunately, I still believe that the overwhelming majority of new rental units are being scooped up and placed on market by commercial entities, not individuals. You may have many individuals putting their second house up for rent, but I'm skeptical that banks are giving individuals a half-dozen loans in series. With the housing shortage as bad as it is (we're just not building enough to offset our population growth), I suspect that commercial entities would swoop in and buy up most second houses that individuals couldn't maintain anymore.


It is the case, and generally people that are savvy enough to purchase these are savvy enough to lock in a 3% rate when offered.


Formerly worked in Investment banking: it is a huge huge determinant of value.

Particularly for a lower-dividend, higher growth company like Nvidia, the vast majority of the present value comes from the terminal value (what someone else will pay you for it when you're done holding the investment), made even more extreme by low interest rates.


Couldn't it transform into a high-dividend company?


> Couldn't it transform into a high-dividend company?

This is cigarette-butt investing. It ignores terminal value. If the terminal value is already close to zero, it's the right move, an orderly wind-down and re-allocation of assets. If there is terminal value, it's a pillaging. Cases like these, where the terminal value starts looking more theoretical than practical, are how those incentives shift.


What happens in the situation where there isn't a "terminal" point for a company?

Coca-Cola has no reason to "terminate" itself, so why shouldn't it distribute profit excess to its operating requirements back to shareholders?


The terminal point doesn't necessarily have to apply for the company, or even the financial asset based on the company.

There is an simple model in finance [1] that collapses an infinitely growing stream of cash flows into a finite present value. So to your example of coca-cola, even if you assume they will exist and distribute growing profits forever, you can still find a terminal value.

[1]: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/va...


Within the subset of certified, normal category piston aircraft, you will find one of these two on a sizable proportion of those airplanes.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycoming_O-360

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_IO-550

To my knowledge some ultralights use regular unleaded (called MOGAS in some aviation contexts) and of course anything that you can buy an airline ticket for outside of perhaps Alaska will use jet fuel.


I mean in current production aircraft.

It appears that most versions of the O-360 can run on mogas, or unleaded gas of some sort.

https://www.lycoming.com/sites/default/files/SI1070AB%20Spec...

Indeed, there does appear to be a 100UL drop in out here too.

https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2021/july/27/ga...


I think at least all models of the Cirrus, one of the best selling general aviation planes right now, require 100 octane gas.

To be clear, none require leaded fuel, per se, but until this year there was no approved unleaded 100-octane fuel.


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